{"id":11565179,"date":"2025-07-19T09:45:28","date_gmt":"2025-07-19T13:45:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/?p=11565179&#038;preview=true&#038;preview_id=11565179"},"modified":"2025-07-19T09:45:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T13:45:51","slug":"gardening-growing-degree-days","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/2025\/07\/19\/gardening-growing-degree-days\/","title":{"rendered":"Forget the calendar: This method reveals the ideal time to tackle garden pests"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By JESSICA DAMIANO<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I hate to break it to you, but just like your calendar can\u2019t tell you the best <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/gardening-harvesting-before-the-frost-eba657c54c9840c5dc3b5a25eea6e933\">time to harvest<\/a>, it won\u2019t provide you the perfect date to <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/how-to-control-garden-pests-without-pesticides-c1baabc56924cf63afb3cba3ce7c7a37\">attack the pests<\/a> waging war on your plants.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"related left\"><h2 class=\"widget-title\" data-curated-ids=\"\" data-relation-type=\"automatic-primary-section\">Related Articles<\/h2><ul><li>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"article-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/2025\/07\/24\/garden-qa-why-are-my-bean-leaves-turning-pale\/\" title=\"Garden Q&amp;A: What to do about mosquitoes in the yard?\">\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dfm-title premium\">\n\t\t\tGarden Q&amp;A: What to do about mosquitoes in the yard?\t\t<\/span>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\n<\/li><li>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"article-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/2025\/07\/23\/native-annuals\/\" title=\"Annuals are the forgotten native plants. Here are 7 worth adding to the garden\">\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dfm-title metered\">\n\t\t\tAnnuals are the forgotten native plants. Here are 7 worth adding to the garden\t\t<\/span>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\n<\/li><li>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"article-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/2025\/07\/17\/garden-qa-what-eats-coneflower-petals\/\" title=\"Garden Q&amp;A: What eats coneflower petals?\">\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dfm-title premium\">\n\t\t\tGarden Q&amp;A: What eats coneflower petals?\t\t<\/span>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\n<\/li><li>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"article-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/2025\/07\/12\/landscape-fabric-garden\/\" title=\"Why landscape fabric is often a bad idea for your garden\">\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dfm-title metered\">\n\t\t\tWhy landscape fabric is often a bad idea for your garden\t\t<\/span>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\n<\/li><li>\n\t\t\t<a class=\"article-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/2025\/07\/10\/garden-qa-what-colorful-bug-did-i-find\/\" title=\"Garden Q&amp;A: What colorful bug did I find?\">\n\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dfm-title premium\">\n\t\t\tGarden Q&amp;A: What colorful bug did I find?\t\t<\/span>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\n\t\n<\/li><\/ul><\/aside>\n<p>Timing effective <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/general-news-99f9dc72a8d805b971ec6d8119b61191\">pest control<\/a> is all about understanding how the weather affects insect life cycles.<\/p>\n<p>We know that most plants and <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/fighting-garden-pests-disease-e59bd36e001ce6a7cce904cba53fb45e\">insects emerge in spring<\/a>, advance through summer, and, in cold regions, go dormant over winter. But beyond those general seasonal cycles, there\u2019s no way to predict precisely when, for example, seeds will sprout, garlic will be ready for harvest or pests will be at their most vulnerable.<\/p>\n<p>Those developmental stages vary from year to year because they\u2019re dependent on the weather.<\/p>\n<p>That\u2019s where growing degree days come in.<\/p>\n<p>GDD is a cumulative system used to determine exactly when plants and <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/insects-gardening-pests-beneficial-reappraisal-03c526106b18b31d03b82f7e39f4948c\">insects<\/a> will reach certain stages of maturity. And with so much variability \u2014 with <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/gardening-business-lifestyle-c47f6d7875fe0b3408734bd01fbb88a2\">different pests<\/a> having different life stages that are vulnerable (or resistant) to different control methods at different times \u2014 it\u2019s a helpful tool for gardeners.<\/p>\n<p>The system, introduced by the French entomologist Ren\u00e9 Antoine Ferchault de R\u00e9aumur in 1735, is a measurement of heat accumulation that accurately predicts when <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/gardening-seeds-germination-test-c8adaaa95fa7aaa8c6ed072e86eaae16\">seeds will germinate<\/a>, crops will mature and specific pest populations will hatch and reach advancing stages of maturity.<\/p>\n<p>The progression of an insect\u2019s life cycle, like much of the natural world\u2019s biological activity, is dictated by environmental factors like temperature. And because not every life stage will succumb to treatment, weather is the only thing that can truly accurately inform the timing of many control methods.<\/p>\n<h4>Here\u2019s how it works<\/h4>\n<p>The average daily temperature is typically recorded on March 1, and for each degree over 50 degrees Fahrenheit, one point is assigned. Then, every day throughout the remainder of the season, the number of degrees over 50 is added to a running tally. If the temperature is exactly at or below 50 degrees, the day is assigned a score of zero.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s say the temperature was 53 degrees on March 1; the GDD on that day would be 3. If it was 60 on March 2, the GDD would be 3 plus 10, or 13. If the temperature was 49 on March 3, that would add nothing, and the accumulated growing degree days would remain at 13. The tally continues to grow through a regionally specific date in the fall.<\/p>\n<p>Seems complicated? The good news is you don\u2019t have to crunch the numbers yourself.<\/p>\n<p>Your local <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/fe9ccd52bd8746c8b63a1d1da287ac7d\">cooperative extension<\/a> office likely tailors and tracks this information for your region, and many post the GDD, as well as pest- and plant-specific GDD guidelines, on their websites. In addition, the agricultural company Syngenta offers a handy tool among its GreenCast online resources that quickly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greencastonline.com\/growing-degree-days\/home\">generates the GDD for your zip code<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>What does this mean for your garden?<\/h4>\n<p>As an example, Colorado potato beetle eggs and pupae are not susceptible to pesticides, so attempting control during those stages would be pointless. But their larvae are vulnerable to the natural biological control Bt from the time they emerge until they reach \u00bc inch in length. Rather than heading out into the garden with a ruler \u2014 or spraying every day and hoping for the best \u2014 you can time the application for between 65 and 185 GDD.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-slideshow\" id=\"mng-gallery-130176c1c039d038307086ac4007d8ed\"><button class=\"icon-close mng-gallery-fullscreen-close\" aria-label=\"Close fullscreen slideshow\"><\/button><ul class=\"mng-gallery-initialized mng-gallery-slider\"><button id=\"mng-gallery-prev\" class=\"mng-gallery-prev mng-gallery-arrow\" aria-label=\"Previous\" type=\"button\"><\/button><div class=\"mng-gallery-list draggable\"><div class=\"mng-gallery-track\"><li data-index=\"1\" class=\"mng-ge mng-gallery-active\" id=\"mng-ge-0\" aria-hidden=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><div class=\"image-wrapper\"><img alt=\"This May 30, 2024, image provided by Jessica Damiano shows...\" class=\"size-article_inline\" sizes=\"(max-width: 40em) 620px,(min-width: 40em) and (max-width: 50em) 780px,(min-width: 50em) and (max-width: 65em) 810px,(min-width: 65em) and (max-width: 80em) 1280px,(min-width: 80em) 1860px,1860px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_97951.jpg?w=620 620w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_97951.jpg?w=780 780w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_97951.jpg?w=810 810w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_97951.jpg?w=1280 1280w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_97951.jpg?w=1860 1860w\" ><div class=\"slide-credit\"><\/div><div class=\"slide-caption\">This May 30, 2024, image provided by Jessica Damiano shows an infestation of scale insects on a leaf in North Babylon, N.Y. (Jessica Damiano via AP)\n<\/div><\/div><\/li><li data-index=\"2\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"image-wrapper\"><img alt=\"This 2007 image provided by Bugwood.org shows three adult Colorado...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_92280.jpg?w=620\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_92280.jpg?w=620 620w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_92280.jpg?w=780 780w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_92280.jpg?w=810 810w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_92280.jpg?w=1280 1280w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_92280.jpg?w=1860 1860w\" ><div class=\"slide-credit\"><\/div><div class=\"slide-caption\">This 2007 image provided by Bugwood.org shows three adult Colorado potato beetles on a plant. (David Cappaert\/Bugwood.org via AP)\n<\/div><\/div><\/li><li data-index=\"3\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-2\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"image-wrapper\"><img alt=\"This 2007 image provided by Bugwood.org shows a Colorado potato...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_96403.jpg?w=620\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_96403.jpg?w=620 620w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_96403.jpg?w=780 780w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_96403.jpg?w=810 810w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_96403.jpg?w=1280 1280w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_96403.jpg?w=1860 1860w\" ><div class=\"slide-credit\"><\/div><div class=\"slide-caption\">This 2007 image provided by Bugwood.org shows a Colorado potato beetle larva on a plant. (David Cappaert\/Bugwood.org via AP)\n<\/div><\/div><\/li><li data-index=\"4\" class=\"mng-ge\" id=\"mng-ge-3\" aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"image-wrapper\"><img alt=\"This 2004 image provided by Bugwood.org shows a Colorado potato...\" class=\"lazyload size-article_inline\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_08718.jpg?w=620\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_08718.jpg?w=620 620w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_08718.jpg?w=780 780w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_08718.jpg?w=810 810w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_08718.jpg?w=1280 1280w,https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_08718.jpg?w=1860 1860w\" ><div class=\"slide-credit\"><\/div><div class=\"slide-caption\">This 2004 image provided by Bugwood.org shows a Colorado potato beetle pupa. (Whitney Cranshaw\/Colorado State University\/Bugwood.org via AP)\n<\/div><\/div><\/li><\/div><\/div><button id=\"mng-gallery-next\" class=\"mng-gallery-next mng-gallery-arrow\" aria-label=\"Next\" type=\"button\"><\/button><\/ul><div class=\"caption mng-gallery-information-container\"><button class=\"caption-expand mng-gallery-caption-expand\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Show caption\">Show Caption<\/button><div class=\"slideshow-credit mng-gallery-image-credit\"><\/div><div class=\"slide-count\"><span class=\"current mng-gallery-current-image-number-display\">1<\/span> of <span class=\"total\">4<\/span><\/div><div class=\"slideshow-caption mng-gallery-image-caption\">This May 30, 2024, image provided by Jessica Damiano shows an infestation of scale insects on a leaf in North Babylon, N.Y. (Jessica Damiano via AP)\n<\/div><a href=\"#\" class=\"icon-enlarge mng-gallery-fullscreen-expand\" aria-label=\"Expand fullscreen slideshow\"><span>Expand<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div>\n<p>Similarly, the first generation of euonymus scale insects are most vulnerable to Neem oil and horticultural oil treatments between 400 and 575 GDD.<\/p>\n<p>And for pre-emergent crabgrass controls, like corn gluten meal, to be effective, they should be applied just before 200 GDD. That\u2019s why I recommend a treatment window that coincides with the time between when the first forsythia blooms and the last of the lilacs fade: It\u2019s a visual cue tied to nature\u2019s reaction to temperature.<\/p>\n<p>Depending on the variety, most tomatoes, which love the heat, are ripe for the picking between 1,000 and 2,000 GDD. But, for the record, my tomatoes always let me know when they\u2019re ready.<\/p>\n<p><em>Jessica Damiano writes weekly gardening columns for the AP and publishes the award-winning Weekly Dirt Newsletter. You can sign up <a href=\"https:\/\/jessicadamiano.substack.com\/\">here<\/a> for weekly gardening tips and advice.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>For more AP gardening stories, go to <a href=\"https:\/\/nam12.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fhub%2Fgardening&amp;data=05%7C02%7CJRUBIN%40ap.org%7C43d14919959e46ab68e408dce21bb7e6%7Ce442e1abfd6b4ba3abf3b020eb50df37%7C1%7C0%7C638633855918071836%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=SUKlrL1oMddgj%2BSsXRt%2BLQ%2Fb9U5rHA88JxOh0g4BuV4%3D&amp;reserved=0\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/hub\/gardening<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Timing effective pest control is all about understanding how the weather affects insect life cycles.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":11565180,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"apple_news_api_created_at":"2025-07-19T13:45:51Z","apple_news_api_id":"4332dc5c-e8ac-4b9a-987a-a6d17bcacacc","apple_news_api_modified_at":"2025-07-19T13:45:51Z","apple_news_api_revision":"AAAAAAAAAAD\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/w==","apple_news_api_share_url":"https:\/\/apple.news\/AQzLcXOisS5qYeqbRe8rKzA","apple_news_coverimage":0,"apple_news_coverimage_caption":"","apple_news_is_hidden":false,"apple_news_is_paid":false,"apple_news_is_preview":false,"apple_news_is_sponsored":false,"apple_news_maturity_rating":"","apple_news_metadata":"\"\"","apple_news_pullquote":"","apple_news_pullquote_position":"","apple_news_slug":"","apple_news_sections":[],"apple_news_suppress_video_url":false,"apple_news_use_image_component":false,"subheadline":"With so much variability \u2014 with different pests having different life stages that are vulnerable (or resistant) to different control methods at different times \u2014 growing degree days is a helpful tool for gardeners.","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[24257,113],"tags":[],"feature":[],"location":[],"type-of-work":[],"coauthors":[1963],"class_list":["post-11565179","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-home-garden","category-things-to-do"],"post_status":"","edit_last":0,"edit_lock":0,"highlights":"","original_byline":"","original_canonical":"","original_category":"","original_email":"","original_id":0,"original_pubdate":"","original_source":"","primary_section":"24257","primary_tag":0,"print_workflow_body":"","print_workflow_exported_ts":"","print_workflow_exported_username":"","print_workflow_shapes":"","print_workflow_side":"","really_short_title":"","short_title":"","syndication_source":{"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mcall.com\/2025\/07\/19\/gardening-growing-degree-days","id":"cG9zdDoyMTU0Mzc4","siteName":"Sharing Dash","syndicationSourceStack":[{"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mcall.com\/2025\/07\/19\/gardening-growing-degree-days","id":"cG9zdDoyMTU0Mzc4","siteName":"Sharing Dash","sourceUrl":"https:\/\/sharingdash.medianewsgroup.com"}],"source_url":"https:\/\/sharingdash.medianewsgroup.com"},"market_neutral_title":"","social_title":"","dfm_hub_post_id":0,"paywall_level":"metered","featured_media_content":{"content_type":"image","content":{"id":11565180,"title":"Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_78389-1","filename":"Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_78389-1.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Gardening-Growing_Degree_Days_78389-1.jpg","link":"https:\/\/www.baltimoresun.com\/2025\/07\/19\/gardening-growing-degree-days\/gardening-growing_degree_days_78389-1\/","alt":"","author":"13","description":"","caption":"This 2007 image provided by Bugwood.org shows Colorado potato beetle eggs on a plant. 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